ABSTRACT
Introduction: Purine metabolism involves synthesis and degradation of purine nucleotides. Studies show that intensity of exercise affects the organ systems and their energy sorces and also can impact on precursor sorces for adenosine triphosphate [ATP] biosynthesis. The purpose of this study was to compare two different type of wrestling exercises regarding metabolic efficiency and effectiveness of the purine nucleotide cycle indicator
Materials and Methods: Twenty one subjects division were divided according to weight, into two groups of circuit training, based on wrestling techniques [n=10] and wrestling traditional training [n=11]. After performing functional tests, blood sampling was done before and after of training. The subjects performed circuit method and traditional wrestling exercise four weeks, using six wrestling techniques
Results: Results showed that circuit training based on these wrestling techniques after four weeks showed no significant differences between the two groups in levels of Hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase [HGPRT] [P=0.44], Hypoxanthine [HX] [P=0.54] and plasma uric acid [UA] [P=0.51]. Intra-group comparison however revealed that the circular wrestling training and traditional wrestling exercises caused significantly reduced Hypoxanthine values in circuit training [P=0.03] and traditional training [P=0.008], and also showed significant increases in aerobic and mean anaerobic power
Conclusion: Comparison of these two methods of exercise training showed that these methods did not differ and had similar effect on indicators of purine nucleotide cycle. Furthermore the results of this study confirm those of previous studies that sprint training and exercises that use anaerobic energy systems, effectively change purine metabolism and subsequently affected metabolite production
ABSTRACT
Introduction: The general aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the effects of 12 weeks of moderate and heavy intensity exercise training and determine the optimal intensity level/rate for maximum weight loss in obese and overweight women
Materials and Methods: Forty one subjects were randomly assigned into the moderate [16 subjects with 64-76% of maximum heart rate], heavy intensity [15 subjects with 80-90% of maximum heart rate] exercise and control [10 subjects groups]. Following two stages blood sampling at rest, and fasting, subjects completed appetite questionnaires. In addition, subjects exercised three times a week, one and a half hour after breakfast
Results: Results showed that calorie expenditure in the moderate intensity group was significantly higher than in the heavy intensity group. The results showed decreased weight [P=0.004] and body fat [P=0.001] in both exercise groups compared to the control group. Exercise had no effect on appetite and plasma acylated ghrelin, leptin and insulin concentrations
Conclusion: Results showed that moderate intensity, individuals can exercise longer with there by increase the energy expenditure and controlling their appetite, fundings which can be used to design exercise programs for the prevention and treatment of obesity
ABSTRACT
Background and Purpose: Human health largely depends on health-related physical fitness status, particularly overweight and under weight. In this regard, the adolescence is a unique life span. However, the information about adolescent's physical fitness is limited. Therefore, the purpose of this study was the investigation of health-related physical fitness elements with an emphasis on overweight and underweight in male adolescents in Sabzevar, Iran
Materials and methods: In the cross sectional descriptive and analytical study, the study population consisted of schoolboy students with the age of 12-14 years old in Sabzevar, Iran. Based on sample size calculation formula, a number of 368 schoolboys of 12-14 years-old were selected based on randomized cluster sampling. After medical examinations and filling out the written informed consent forms, anthropometric factors and physical fitness were assessed [height, weight, aerobic fitness with 20- meter shuttle run, strength via dynamometer, explosive power via Sergeant jump, flexibility via flexibility box, agility via Illinois test, and body Composition via skin-fold fat caliper and subcutaneous fat thickness. The obtained data were analyzed using SPSS 11.5 using central tendency, dispersion and Pearson Correlation coefficient [P<0.05]
Results: The results of the study, based on BMI, indicated that 17.7% were thin, 69.2% normal, 9.2% overweight and 3.7% were obese. Also, based on WHR, 11.1% were at a high risk, and 5.7% were very high-risk cases. Based on the fat percentage, 13.9% had much fat and 13# very high fat. Mean VO2max of the 12-14-year-old schoolboys in Sabzevar was obtained to be 50.6 [ml/kg/min], which indicates that 10% of the boys had aerobic fitness lower than the average in comparison with reference values
Conclusion: The study findings showed that considerable percentage of Sabzevar adolescents suffer from overweight on the one hand and underweight on the other. Physical fitness status in some factors is not desirable too
ABSTRACT
Background and Purpose: Leptin is one of the most important proteins involved in lipid metabolism and energy homeostasis but the effect of acute exercise on leptin has been less investigated. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of a one-session exercise on tissue concentration and gene expression of leptin in rats
Methods and Materials: In this experimental study, 24 male Wistar rats were housed in a standard environment, and were randomly divided into two groups [Control and Experimental]. The exercise was running on a treadmill for 120 min [18 m/min]. Immediately, 2 and 24 hours after exercise the rats anesthetized, blood, fat tissue and soleus were taken. Leptin concentration in the muscular, fat and blood were measured. Also, leptin gene expression was investigated with RT-PCR in tissues. Data were analyzed in SPSS 16 using repeated measures ANOVA [P<0.05]
Results: The results showed that leptin gene expression significantly increased in muscles 2 hours [[51%] from 169/15 +/- 10/36 to 349/13 +/- 112/71] and 24 hours [[48%] from 185/14 +/- 8/21 to 359/01 +/- 14/77], and in adipose tissue 24 hours [[49%] from 181/69 +/- 21/42 to 361/66] [P<0.05]. However, leptin concentration did not change neither in adipose tissue nor in muscle nor plasma [P>0.05]. Also, there was no significant differences in plasma leptin, glucose and insulin between the two groups across the three times of mesurement [P>0.05]
Conclusion: Acute exercise can increase leptin gene expression in muscle and fat tissues. However, exercise with longer duration and higher volume may appear to be more effective
ABSTRACT
Background and Purpose: Obesity is associated with various metabolic and inflammatory impairments, the effects of which have not been sufficiently studied. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the influence of an 8-week strength training and aerobic training program and a 10-day detraining on lipid profile and CRP in obese girls
Methods and Materials: In this experimental study, thirty-six obese female university students were voluntarily recruited and randomly assigned into three groups: control [n=11], aerobic training or AT [n=12] and strength training or ST [n=13]. ST and AT groups trained for 8 weeks, 4 times/week, 60 min/session, with 60 to 70% of 1 repetition maximum for ST, and 65 to 75% of HRmax for AT. Blood samples were taken at baseline, 24 hours after the last exercise session and after 10 days of detraining on fasting state. Data were analyzed in SPSS 16 using repeated measure analysis of variance [RM-ANOVA]. The alpha level was established at P<0.05
Results: After an 8-week training program, TG decreased in AT and ST groups [4.2 % and 6.6 %, respectively] but the change was not significant [P>0.05] Also, no significant differences were found between the three groups [P>0.05]. TC also decreased in AT and ST groups [9% and 19%, respectively]; however, the change was not significant [P>0.05]. After training no significant changes in HDL, HDL2, HDL3, LDL, and CRP were observed [P>0.05]. Ten days of detraining also did not result in any significant alterations in the lipid profile or CRP [P>0.05]
Conclusion: Eight weeks of aerobic and strength training have no significant effect on the lipid profile and CRP in obese girls
ABSTRACT
Background and Purpose: Appetite is one of the factors affecting the energy intake equation and has different control and regulatory levels. One of the probable factors affecting it is physical activity. The purpose of the present study was to examine the effects of moderate and heavy resistance exercise on appetite, glucose, glycerol and lactate of the serum in healthy men
Methods and Materials: In this experimental study, out of the university employees, 13 male volunteers were recruited for the study by their own written informed consent, and were assigned into three modes of control, moderate resistance exercise [with intensity of 70% of 1RM] and heavy resistance exercise [with intensity of 80% of 1RM] groups. The process consisted of 8 different movements arranged in 3 sets with 10 repetitions within 90 minutes. The participants' appetite parameter was recorded by appetite questionnaire before collecting blood samples. Data was analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA in SPSS 13 at a significance level of P<0/05
Results: After correcting the results of plasma volume, no significant changes were observed in the appetite, glycerol and glucose of the serum As caused by moderate and heavy resistance exercise. Appetite decreased immediately after the exercise protocol by 33%, but increased 3 hours after the exercise by 12%, and finally decreased 9-hours after exercise by 26% compared to pre-exercise levels [P<0.05]
Conclusion: The results of the study indicate that a one-session moderate and heavy resistance exercise has no significant effect on the appetite if food deprivation and significant negative energy balance do not exist
ABSTRACT
Leptin, a protein with a cytokine-like helical structure and molecular weight of 16 KDa, regulates the body weight and homeostasis of the energy in the body. Adiponectin has protective and special metabolic effects as well as anti-inflammatory ones, and the adiponectin level in human blood has an inverse ratio relation with the insulin resistance. The purpose of this study was to compare levels of leptin and adiponectin, and related hormones in the serum of obese children and adolescents. Sixty obese subjects were divided into two groups of 30 children and 30 adolescents. Anthropometric characteristics were recorded and adiponectin and leptin testosterone, growth, insulin, and cortisol hormones were measured in a fasting state in all subjects. The serum levels of leptin [101%], adiponectin [98%] and cortisol hormone [38.62%] were significantly higher in children than in adolescents [p<0/05]. When leptin and adiponectin were adjusted to body fat mass, the same results were observed. Serum levels of testosterone [82.58%], insulin [34.47%] and growth hormone[36.36%] were significantly higher in adolescents than in children [p<0/05]. The ratio of leptin to adiponectin had no significant difference among children and adolescents. Levels of leptin and adiponectin are higher in children than in adolescents
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Leptin/blood , Obesity , Adolescent , Child , Testosterone/blood , Growth Hormone/blood , Insulin/blood , Hydrocortisone/bloodABSTRACT
C-reactive protein is a sensitive, nonspecific marker of inflammation and its relationship with coronary vascular disease is already established. The present research was conducted to study the effect of resistance training on the rate of C-reactive protein in obese men. The present study was quasi-experimental and 24 male subjects [16 obese, 8 lean] with age range of 35 to 48 years voluntarily participated in the study. Obese men were randomly assigned into two groups: resistance training and control group. The third group included the lean men subjects. Fasting blood samples were taken from all subjects. The experimental subjects received resistance training for 13 weeks, 3 sessions per week. The resistance training was done in circuit fashion in 11 stations with a 50 to 60% intensity of one maximum repetition [IRM]. Resistance training significantly decreased the serum CRP levels of the obese men [from 1 .65 +/- 0.6 to 0.53 +/- 0.73]. In addition, serum CRP concentrations in obese men at baseline state were significantly higher than those in lean men [1.56 +/- 0.58 versus 0.26 +/- 0.21]. In all subjects there was a significant and positive correlation between serum CRP levels and obesity markers [r=0.75] and different components of the metabolic syndrome. Resistance training due to antinflammatory effects is likely to reduce the risk of future cardiovascular events in obese men